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Chemistry Textbook Notes: Solutions Chapters 13 & 14: LH 1. Define soluble, solution, solvent, solute, suspension, colloid (p.395–398) Soluble- capable of being dissolved solvent0 the dissolving medium in a solution solute- the substance dissolved in the solution suspension- a mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated colloid- a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in the solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions 2. Most of the time when people talk about solutions, they are referring to solids that have been dissolved in water. Describe a different type of text=solution">solution (see Table 13–1) Solutions are not limited to the liquid state, they can occur in all three main phases, gas, liquid, and solid. For example, the water in the air is a liquid solute dissolved in a gas solvent; solid solutions include brass, which is made from combining zinc with copper 3. Describe two examples of colloids (see Table 13–2). A colloid consists of small particles 1nm to 1000nm in size that are suspended in a solid, liquid or gas. Examples include common products such as gel, a solid network extending throughout a liquid, or liquid aerosol, or otherwise known as fog 4. What is the Tyndall effect? What can it be used to distinguish between? The Tyndall effect is used to distinguish between a solution and a colloid; a colloid scatters light, like fog scatters the lights of a car, while a solution does not. 5. Describe an experimental method that could be used to classify a sample as a solution, colloid, or suspension. Allowing the sample to sit for an extended period of time will reveal the suspension, as it needs to be stirred or agitated to maintain its shape. A colloid then can be differentiated from a solution by shining light through it and seeing if it scatters 6. Define electrolyte and nonelectrolyte. Electrolyte- a substance that when dissolved will conduct an electric current while Nonelectrolyte- a substance that when dissolved will not conduct an electric current 7. Define saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. Saturated solution- a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute unsaturated solution- a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution Supersaturated solution- a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions